A tractor is one of the most essential needs of a farmer. Thanks to the various attachments that can be fitted to tractors, they can perform tasks such as plowing, sowing and planting, fertilizing, spraying, material handling, harvesting, and many other jobs (forest work, animal transport, snow removal, road opening, etc.). Additionally, they are widely used in landscaping, gardening, and industrial applications. Therefore, tractors are versatile and indispensable. Let’s take a closer look at the different types of tractors, which are indispensable for many purposes and increase efficiency.
Types of Tractors
- Farm Tractors: Specifically designed for agricultural activities. Used for soil cultivation, sowing, harvesting, and other farming operations.
- Garden and Lawn Tractors: Suitable for smaller-scale tasks such as gardens and lawns. Typically lightweight with high maneuverability, used for mowing, light hauling, and gardening tasks.
- Compact and Multi-Purpose Tractors: Versatile tractors used in small to medium-sized farms or landscaping projects. They can be used for both agricultural and other tasks.
- Industrial Tractors: Designed for industrial use, these tractors are suitable for larger-scale and challenging tasks such as heavy load carrying and construction work.
There are many categories within tractor types, and a different classification could be made. However, since this is not our main focus, let’s move on to discussing the main features to consider, popular models, and other important topics when purchasing a tractor.
The specifications that we should carefully study when buying a tractor are as follows:
Engine Power
The horsepower of a tractor is generally proportional to its size. There are two types of engine power: engine horsepower and PTO (Power take-off) horsepower. It is important to understand the difference between engine power and PTO power and to carefully evaluate both.
Engine power refers to the total amount of power produced by the tractor’s engine. In short, engine power determines the overall performance, speed, and pulling capacity of the tractor.
PTO power, on the other hand, refers to the power transferred from the tractor’s engine to the PTO shaft. This is the amount of power used to operate the equipment attached to the tractor. PTO power determines the performance of PTO-driven equipment such as mowers, balers, and sprayers.
In conclusion, when purchasing a tractor, it is important to choose a model with engine power and PTO power that meet your needs. You should consider the requirements of the equipment you plan to use and ensure that your tractor has the power to meet these requirements.
Transmission
Tractor transmissions are generally divided into four categories, each offering advantages for specific tasks. The types of transmissions, along with their advantages and disadvantages, are as follows:
Gear-Drive Transmission
These are traditional transmissions that require manual gear shifting. Gear-drive transmissions are usually low-cost, durable, and provide the operator with full control over speed and torque.
Power Shuttle Transmission
This type of transmission allows quick shifting between forward and reverse gears without using the clutch. It is controlled by a lever or button. It is advantageous for tasks that require frequent direction changes and increases operator comfort. For example, it is very useful when using a loader or for other agricultural activities that require frequent direction changes.
Hydrostatic Transmission
These transmissions use hydraulic pressure to change speed and direction. They are controlled by a pedal or lever. Hydrostatic transmissions are excellent for tasks that require precise speed control and easy operation. For example, they are ideal for mowing, landscaping, and precision farming applications.
Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT)
This system provides seamless and continuously variable speed control. It ensures continuous power transfer without any gear shifting, operating the engine at the most efficient RPM, thereby providing fuel efficiency and great comfort for the operator. As the most expensive type of transmission, they are preferred for large-scale farming operations and professional agricultural applications.
Lifting Capacity
Tractors are frequently used for transporting and lifting materials. When purchasing a tractor, it is important to pay attention to lifting capacity to meet specific job requirements, ensure safety, and consider future needs. For example, high lifting capacity may be necessary for agricultural tasks involving large amounts of feed or hay. Therefore, selecting a tractor with appropriate lifting capacity is crucial for job efficiency and speed. Exceeding the lifting capacity can compromise the tractor’s balance and lead to dangerous situations. Hence, it is critical for safety not to exceed the specified lifting capacity.
4WD, 2WD, or AWD?
Which drive system to prefer depends on the user’s needs and usage conditions. For example, a 4WD system may be preferred for a tractor that will operate in challenging terrain, while a 2WD system may be sufficient for a tractor used solely for gardening tasks. Budget is also important in this matter. The initial purchase cost and subsequent fuel consumption for AWD and 4WD drive systems can be high.
Operating Weight
The weight of a tractor affects many factors. For example, heavy tractors are preferred for jobs such as tillage, heavy load carrying, and forestry, while light tractors are more suitable for jobs such as landscaping and lawn mowing. Check out the table below to see the difference more easily.
Compact Tractors | Heavy-Duty Tractors |
---|---|
Suitable for flat and light terrains | Suitable for rugged terrains |
Uses small and lightweight equipment&attachments | Uses large and heavy equipmentt&attachments |
Efficient fuel consumption | High fuel consumption |
Does not disturb soil health | Can cause soil compaction |
Easy maneuverability | Higher traction power |
Hydraulic Design
Each hydraulic system design has its own unique advantages, and which system to choose usually depends on the use case and requirements.
Open Center Hydraulic Systems: Preferred for their simple design and low cost. Facilitates heat control due to the continuous circulation of the fluid but is disadvantaged in terms of energy efficiency. Suitable for less power-demanding and low-pressure systems.
Closed Center Hydraulic Systems: More suitable for meeting high power requirements. Exhibits better performance in high-pressure systems and provides energy savings as the hydraulic fluid does not circulate continuously.
Load-Sensing Hydraulic Systems: Provides more precise control by adjusting the pressure and flow of the hydraulic fluid. Being sensitive to workload, they save energy and minimize unnecessary fluid usage in the system.
The Most Popular Tractor Manufacturers and Models
When purchasing a tractor, many factors are important, and one of the key aspects to consider during market research is the popularity of tractor brands. Additionally, when selecting a tractor, the availability of post-sales service and a widespread service network can be more critical than pre-sales satisfaction. Opting for a manufacturer with a widespread service network can likely ensure prompt and efficient maintenance and repair services when needed. After conveying this detail, let’s take a look at the most popular tractor manufacturers and models.
John Deere
An American company produces agricultural machinery, construction equipment, and forestry tools worldwide. Established in 1837, the company is recognized by its green and yellow colors and is renowned for its high-quality, durable tractors.
Popular John Deere Farm Tractors
- John Deere 1025R: Suitable for small and medium-scale farm tasks, gardening, and lawn mowing.
- John Deere 3025E: Ideal for small and medium-scale agricultural tasks, soil cultivation, and material handling.
- John Deere 3032E: Suited for medium-scale agricultural tasks, plowing, and material handling.
- John Deere 3038E: Designed for medium-scale farm tasks, plowing, and material handling.
- John Deere 4020: Suitable for medium and large-scale agricultural tasks, heavy load transportation.
- John Deere 4320: Ideal for medium and large-scale agricultural tasks, heavy load transportation.
- John Deere 4440: Suitable for large-scale agricultural tasks, plowing, and material handling.
- John Deere 5055E: Designed for medium and large-scale agricultural tasks, plowing, and material handling.
- John Deere 5075E: Suited for medium and large-scale agricultural tasks, plowing, and material handling.
- John Deere 2025R: Ideal for small farms and gardening tasks.
- John Deere 5045E: Suited for medium-scale agricultural tasks, soil cultivation, and material handling.
- John Deere 6430: Suitable for large-scale agricultural tasks, plowing, and material handling.
- John Deere 4044M: Designed for medium-scale agricultural tasks, plowing, and material handling.
- John Deere 4066R: Suited for medium and large-scale agricultural tasks, plowing, and material handling.
- John Deere 4430: Suitable for large-scale agricultural tasks, plowing, and material handling.
- John Deere 4520: Ideal for large-scale agricultural tasks, plowing, and material handling.
- John Deere 5065E: Designed for medium and large-scale agricultural tasks, plowing, and material handling.
- John Deere 5100E: Suitable for large-scale agricultural tasks, heavy load transportation.
- John Deere 6420: Ideal for large-scale agricultural tasks and heavy-load transportation.
Popular John Deere Lawn and Garden Tractors
- John Deere X350: Maintenance of medium-sized lawn areas. Easy to use and highly maneuverable.
- John Deere X758: Maintenance of large lawn areas. Diesel-powered, offers high performance and durability.
- John Deere E100: Maintenance of small and medium-sized lawn areas. Economical and user-friendly.
- John Deere Z355E: Quick and effective maintenance of medium and large lawn areas. Provides high maneuverability with zero-turn radius.
- John Deere S240: Maintenance of medium-sized lawn areas. Offers comfortable driving and high cutting quality.
- John Deere X739: Maintenance of large lawn areas. Provides effective performance in all terrain conditions with four-wheel drive system.
- John Deere Z915E: Fast and professional maintenance of large lawn areas. Suitable for commercial use.
- John Deere X590: Maintenance of medium and large lawn areas. Stands out with its powerful engine and superior cutting performance.
Popular John Deere Compact Tractors
The following models are commonly used for small-scale farming and garden maintenance:
- John Deere 2025R
- John Deere 2305
- John Deere 2520
- John Deere 2032
- John Deere 2032R
- John Deere 2038R
- John Deere 3032E
Kubota
The Japanese company, founded in 1890, is a leading manufacturer of agricultural machinery, construction equipment, and engines. They specialize in producing compact and multi-purpose tractors.
Popular Kubota Farm Tractors
- Kubota L2501: Suitable for small and medium-scale agricultural tasks, soil cultivation, and material handling.
- Kubota L3901: Suitable for small and medium-scale agricultural tasks, soil cultivation, and material handling.
- Kubota L4701: Suitable for small and medium-scale agricultural tasks, soil cultivation, and material handling.
- Kubota M7060: Ideal for medium and large-scale agricultural tasks, heavy load transportation, and extensive field work.
Popular Kubota Lawn and Garden Tractors
- Kubota T2290: Provides high cutting quality and comfortable driving. Suitable for maintenance of medium-sized lawn areas.
- Kubota GR2120: Offers powerful performance and durability with its diesel engine. Capable of maintaining large lawn areas.
- Kubota Z122R: Stands out with easy maneuverability. Adequate for fast and effective maintenance of small and medium-sized lawn areas. Provides high maneuverability with zero-turn radius.
- Kubota Z726X: Suitable for fast and professional maintenance of medium and large lawn areas and for commercial use.
- Kubota F2690: Enables maintenance of extensive lawn areas. Provides high cutting quality and versatile usage with the front mower unit.
- Kubota Z421: Suitable for maintenance of medium-sized lawn areas. Offers high maneuverability and durability.
- Kubota ZD1211: Provides long-lasting and powerful performance with its diesel engine. Enables fast and effective maintenance of large lawn areas.
Popular Kubota Compact Tractors
- Kubota L3301: Suitable for small and medium-scale agricultural tasks, soil cultivation, and material handling.
- Kubota BX23S: Multipurpose usage in small farms and gardens. Suitable for digging, loading, and general maintenance tasks.
- Kubota L3560: Ideal for medium-scale agricultural tasks, general farm work, and material handling.
- Kubota L4701: Suitable for medium-scale agricultural tasks, soil cultivation, and general farm work.
Mahindra
One of the largest tractor manufacturers, founded in India in 1945, caters to a broad user base with durable and economical tractor models.
The Most Popular Mahindra Tractors
- Mahindra 1626: Suitable for small and medium-scale agricultural tasks, general farm work, and material handling.
- Mahindra 4540: Ideal for medium-scale agricultural tasks, soil cultivation, and material handling.
- Mahindra 2655: Suitable for medium-scale agricultural tasks, soil cultivation, and material handling.
- Mahindra 5570: Suitable for medium and large-scale agricultural tasks, heavy load transportation, and extensive field work.
- Mahindra 6075: Suitable for medium and large-scale agricultural tasks, heavy load transportation, and extensive field work.
Allis Chalmers
An American agricultural machinery manufacturer that operated from 1901 to 1985. Agricultural tractors produced by Allis Chalmers are still widely used today.
The Most Popular Allis Chalmers Tractors
- Allis Chalmers D17: Suitable for medium-scale agricultural tasks and general farm work.
- Allis Chalmers 190: Ideal for medium and large-scale agricultural tasks, heavy load transportation, and extensive field work.
- Allis Chalmers 170: Suitable for medium-scale agricultural tasks and general farm work.
- Allis Chalmers 6060: Suitable for medium and large-scale agricultural tasks, plowing, and material handling.
Massey Ferguson
A brand of AGCO Corporation, Massey Ferguson offers a wide range of tractors and is known for innovative agricultural technologies.
The Most Popular Massey Ferguson Tractors
- Massey Ferguson 4707: Suitable for medium-scale agricultural tasks and general farm work.
- Massey Ferguson 5710: Suitable for medium and large-scale agricultural tasks, heavy load transportation, and extensive field work.
- Massey Ferguson GC1723EB: Compact and versatile, suitable for small gardens and hobby farming.
- Massey Ferguson 135: Ideal for small farms and gardens, light agricultural tasks.
- Massey Ferguson 165: Suitable for medium-scale agricultural tasks and general farm work.
- Massey Ferguson 231: Suitable for small and medium-scale agricultural tasks, general farm work, and material handling.
- Massey Ferguson 231S: Suitable for small and medium-scale agricultural tasks, general farm work, and material handling.
New Holland
A part of CNH Industrial, New Holland, was founded in America in 1895 and manufactures various agricultural and construction equipment.
The Most Popular New Holland Tractors
- New Holland T4.75: Suitable for medium-scale agricultural tasks, soil cultivation, and material handling.
- New Holland Workmaster 70: Suitable for small and medium-scale agricultural tasks, general farm work, and material handling.
- New Holland Boomer 50: Ideal for light agricultural tasks in small farms and gardens.
Ford
They produced agricultural tractors from 1917 to 1991. Ford tractors are known for their durability and user-friendly features. They continue to be widely used today.
Popular Ford Tractors
- Ford 2000: Suitable for small and medium-scale agricultural tasks, general farm work, and material handling.
- Ford 3000: Ideal for medium-scale agricultural tasks and general farm work.
- Ford 4000: Suitable for medium-scale agricultural tasks, soil cultivation, and material handling.
- Ford 5000: Suitable for medium and large-scale agricultural tasks, heavy load transportation, and extensive field work.
- Ford 8N: Ideal for light agricultural tasks in small farms and gardens.
- Ford 9N: Ideal for light agricultural tasks in small farms and gardens.
Craftsman
An American brand known especially for its garden tractors and lawn mowers. Introduced by Sears in 1927, the brand is famous for its sturdy and reliable equipment.
Popular Craftsman Lawn Mowers
- Craftsman LT1000: Suitable for maintaining small lawn areas. Economical and user-friendly.
- Craftsman LT2000: Suitable for maintaining medium-sized lawn areas. Easy to use and durable.
- Craftsman GT5000: Suitable for maintaining medium and large lawn areas. Offers high performance and durability.
- Craftsman T3000: Suitable for maintaining medium-sized lawn areas. Offers comfortable driving and high cutting quality.
- Craftsman DGT6000: Suitable for maintaining large lawn areas. Suitable for commercial use.
Cub Cadet
An American brand specializing in lawn and garden equipment. Established in 1961, the company is particularly known for its garden tractors and lawn mowers.
Popular Cub Cadet Lawn Mowers
- Cub Cadet LT1045: Suitable for maintaining small and medium-sized lawn areas. User-friendly and durable.
- Cub Cadet XT2: Suitable for maintaining medium-sized lawn areas. Offers comfortable driving and high cutting quality.
- Cub Cadet Z-Force 48: Suitable for fast and effective maintenance of medium and large lawn areas. Provides high maneuverability with zero-turn radius.
- Cub Cadet Z-Force 44: Suitable for fast and effective maintenance of medium and large lawn areas. Provides high maneuverability with zero-turn radius.
- Cub Cadet 1650: Suitable for maintaining small and medium-sized lawn areas. Durable and easy to use.
- Cub Cadet 1641: Suitable for maintaining small and medium-sized lawn areas. Durable and easy to use.
Yanmar
A Japan-based company specializing in small engines, marine engines, and agricultural machinery. Established in 1912, Yanmar continues to produce compact and efficient tractors.
Popular Yanmar Tractors
- Yanmar SA424: Suitable for small and medium-scale agricultural tasks, general farm work, and material handling.
- Yanmar YT347: Suitable for medium-scale agricultural tasks, soil cultivation, and material handling.
- Yanmar YT235: Ideal for light agricultural tasks in small farms and gardens.
Zetor
Zetor has had a broad user base in Europe since 1946 with its durable and economical tractor models.
Popular Zetor Tractors
- Zetor Proxima 100: Suitable for medium-scale agricultural tasks and general farm work.
- Zetor Major 80: Suitable for small and medium-scale agricultural tasks, general farm work, and material handling.
- Zetor Forterra 135: Suitable for medium and large-scale agricultural tasks, heavy load transportation, and extensive field work.
Kioti
Established in 1947, Kioti particularly manufactures compact tractors and is recognized worldwide.
Popular Kioti Tractors
- Kioti CK2610: Suitable for small and medium-scale agricultural tasks, general farm work, and material handling.
- Kioti DK5310: Suitable for medium-scale agricultural tasks, soil cultivation, and material handling.
- Kioti RX7320: Suitable for medium and large-scale agricultural tasks, heavy load transportation, and extensive field work.
There are many tractor manufacturers other than these manufacturers, perhaps they have more sales than the above companies. We do not advertise any manufacturer here and this has been prepared based on the search volumes of the given user on the WEB environment.
Finally, review these items
- Determine the tasks for which you will use the tractor. Heavy agricultural tasks may require high engine power and PTO power.
- Learn the PTO power requirements of the equipment you plan to use.
- Note: Equipment manufacturers specify the minimum PTO power required for their products to operate.
- Consider the engine power for general farming tasks and agricultural activities.
- Higher engine power enables the tractor to handle heavier tasks. However, excessively high engine power beyond your needs may lead to unnecessary fuel consumption and costs.
- The PTO power requirements of the equipment you will use should match the tractor’s PTO power. If the tractor’s PTO power does not meet the requirements of your equipment, the equipment cannot operate at full performance.
- PTO power may generally be 10-20% lower than engine power because some power is used for the operation of the engine and other functions. Make sure the PTO power is sufficient for your equipment.
- Prefer reliable and well-known tractor brands. These brands typically offer more durable and long-lasting products.
- Research the service and spare parts availability of the tractor you are considering purchasing. It should be easily available and accessible.
- Choose the transmission system of the tractor (gear-drive, power shuttle, hydrostatic, CVT) that suits your needs.
- Gear-Drive: Economical and durable, suitable for manual control.
- Power Shuttle: Fast and easy direction changes for tasks requiring frequent changes in direction.
- Hydrostatic: Ideal for tasks requiring precise speed control and ease of use.
- CVT: The most advanced option for those seeking maximum efficiency and comfort.
- The size, weight, and lifting capacity of the tractor should be suitable for your work area and maneuverability.
- Fuel efficiency is a significant factor affecting operating costs.